22.
C2H6 orbital model (sp3 hybridization)
Two methane
molecules are modelled by using black and white beads for C
and H atoms and golden and white microbeads for bonding
pairs of electrons. The two models are placed top-to-top like the blue
paper tetrahydra are.
In each of the two methane
molecules the tetrahedral set of four sp3 orbitals of
the carbon atom are used to bond to the H atoms to form four equivalent
C-H bonds.
One ethane molecule
is modelled by using 2 black and 6 white beads for the 2 C and 6
H atoms. Micobeads of different colours are models of bonding
pairs of electrons:
Only three of four
sp3 hybrid orbitals of each carbon atom are used to bond to
three H atoms to form three equivalent C-H bonds. The fourth sp3
orbital of each C atom is used to form a C-C bond.